Core Google Ranking Factors
Google evaluates hundreds of signals when deciding which pages to rank, but only a handful consistently make the difference. These core ranking factors form the foundation of SEO success, from content quality to backlinks and user experience. Understanding them is the first step in building a site that performs well long term.
Content Quality & Relevance
- Match search intent with clear, original, helpful content.
- Cover the topic comprehensively; add data, examples, and FAQs.
- Use descriptive headings and natural keyword variants.
Backlinks & Authority
- Pursue editorial links from topical, authoritative sites.
- Strengthen internal links to distribute PageRank efficiently.
- Avoid manipulative link schemes; prioritise relevance and quality.
User Experience Signals
- Improve titles and intros to increase click-through and engagement.
- Use scannable layouts, short paragraphs, and clear calls to action.
- Reduce friction (intrusive popups, clutter, slow assets).
Mobile-Friendliness & Core Web Vitals
- Design mobile-first; optimise images and fonts.
- Measure LCP, INP, and CLS; fix slow templates and render-blocking.
Technical SEO Essentials
- Ensure crawlability (sitemaps, clean internal links, no soft-404s).
- Harden indexation (canonicals, paginated series, faceted nav control).
- Add structured data where useful (Organisation, Article, FAQ, etc.).
Local & Brand Signals
- Keep Google Business Profile accurate; build consistent citations.
- Encourage branded searches and legitimate mentions.
Common SEO Techniques Explained
Ranking factors are only half the story — you also need techniques that put them into practice. SEO techniques guide how you optimise content, structure pages, and build authority. Knowing the difference between on-page and off-page SEO helps you avoid wasted effort and focus on what works.
On-Page SEO Techniques
- Compelling titles and meta descriptions that set accurate expectations.
- Structured headings (H1–H3) and semantic HTML for clarity.
- Schema markup to enhance eligibility for rich results.
Off-Page SEO Techniques
- Editorial PR, digital partnerships, and linkable assets.
- Thought leadership and original research to earn references.
White-Hat vs Black-Hat
- Build for users; avoid tactics that risk manual actions or filters.
Key Terms & Technical Knowledge (Mini Glossary)
SEO is full of jargon, and Google’s algorithm often relies on precise technical concepts. A clear grasp of these terms will help you understand what search engines are really doing and why certain changes matter. Use this glossary as a quick reference when tackling more advanced topics.
- Crawl Budget
- The number of URLs Googlebot is willing and able to crawl on your site over a given period.
- Canonical Tag
- A hint to search engines about the preferred version of duplicate or similar pages.
- Anchor Text
- The clickable text in a link; used by search engines to infer topical relationships.
- Indexing vs Crawling
- Crawling discovers URLs; indexing stores and evaluates them for search results.
- SERP Features
- Rich elements (e.g., featured snippets, FAQs) that can improve visibility beyond classic blue links.
Building a Long-Term SEO Strategy
SEO isn’t about quick wins — it’s about sustainable growth. A long-term strategy ensures that the effort you put in today keeps paying dividends years from now. By planning ahead, you can adapt to algorithm changes, track progress, and stay ahead of competitors.
Setting 1-Year Priorities
- Fix critical technical issues; publish cornerstone content; build initial authority.
Planning for 3 Years Ahead
- Content cycles, topic expansion, link velocity planning, and refreshing winners.
Measuring & Adjusting Over Time
- Use Search Console and analytics to iterate titles, internal links, and content depth.